Book 2

CHAP. I. The Master said, ‘He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.’
子曰：为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所，而众星共之。

CHAP. II. The Master said, ‘In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence— “Having no depraved thoughts.”‘
子曰：诗三百篇，一言以蔽之，曰：“思无邪。”

CHAP. III. 1. The Master said, ‘If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame. 2. ‘If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of shame, and moreover will become good.’
子曰：导之以政，齐之以德，民免而无耻。导之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。

CHAP. IV. 1. The Master said, ‘At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. 2. ‘At thirty, I stood firm. 3. ‘At forty, I had no doubts. 4. ‘At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven. 5. ‘At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth. 6. ‘At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right.’
子曰：吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲不逾矩。

CHAP. V. 1. Mang I asked what filial piety was. The Master said, ‘It is not being disobedient.’ 2. Soon after, as Fan Ch’ih was driving him, the Master told him, saying, ‘Mang-sun asked me what filial piety was, and I answered him,— “not being disobedient.”‘ 3. Fan Ch’ih said, ‘What did you mean?’ The Master replied, ‘That parents, when alive, be served according to propriety; that, when dead, they should be buried according to propriety; and that they should be sacrificed to according to propriety.’
孟懿子问孝。子曰：“无违。”樊迟御，子告之曰：“孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。”樊迟曰：“何谓也？”子曰：“生，事之以礼，死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。”

CHAP. VI. Mang Wu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, ‘Parents are anxious lest their children should be sick.’
孟武伯问孝。子曰：“父母，唯其疾之忧。”

CHAP. VII. Tsze-yu asked what filial piety was. The Master said, ‘The filial piety of now-a-days means the support of one’s parents. But dogs and horses likewise are able to do something in the way of support;— without reverence, what is there to distinguish the one support given from the other?’
子游问孝。子曰：“今之孝者，是谓能养，至于犬马，皆能有养，不敬，何以别乎？”

CHAP. VIII. Tsze-hsia asked what filial piety was. The Master said, ‘The difficulty is with the countenance. If, when their elders have any troublesome affairs, the young take the toil of them, and if, when the young have wine and food, they set them before their elders, is THIS to be considered filial piety?’
子夏问孝。子曰：“色难。有事，弟子服其劳，有酒食，先生馔，曾是以为孝乎？”

CHAP. IX. The Master said, ‘I have talked with Hui for a whole day, and he has not made any objection to anything I said;— as if he were stupid. He has retired, and I have examined his conduct when away from me, and found him able to illustrate my teachings. Hui!— He is not stupid.’
子曰：吾与回言终日，不违如愚，退而省其私，亦足以发。回也不愚。

CHAP. X. 1. The Master said, ‘See what a man does. 2. ‘Mark his motives. 3. ‘Examine in what things he rests. 4. ‘How can a man conceal his character? 5. How can a man conceal his character?’
子曰：视其所以，观其所由，察其所安，人焉叟哉！人焉叟哉！

CHAP. XI. The Master said, ‘If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.’
子曰：温故而知新，可以为师矣。

CHAP. XII. The Master said, ‘The accomplished scholar is not a utensil.’
子曰：君子不器。

CHAP. XIII. Tsze-kung asked what constituted the superior man. The Master said, ‘He acts before he speaks, and afterwards speaks according to his actions.’
子贡问君子。子曰：“先行其言而后从之。

CHAP. XIV. The Master said, ‘The superior man is catholic and no partisan. The mean man is partisan and not catholic.’
子曰：君子周而不比，小人比而不周。

CHAP. XV. The Master said, ‘Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is perilous.’
子曰：学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

CHAP. XVI. The Master said, ‘The study of strange doctrines is injurious indeed!’
子曰：攻乎异端，斯害也已。

CHAP. XVII. The Master said, ‘Yu, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to hold that you know it; and when you do not know a thing, to allow that you do not know it;— this is knowledge.’
子曰：由，诲汝知之乎！知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。

CHAP. XVII. 1. Tsze-chang was learning with a view to official emolument. 2. The Master said, ‘Hear much and put aside the points of which you stand in doubt, while you speak cautiously at the same time of the others:— then you will afford few occasions for blame. See much and put aside the things which seem perilous, while you are cautious at the same time in carrying the others into practice:— then you will have few occasions for repentance. When one gives few occasions for blame in his words, and few occasions for repentance in his conduct, he is in the way to get emolument.’
子张学干禄。子曰：“多闻阙疑，慎言其余，则寡尤。多见阙殆，慎行其余，则寡悔。言寡尤，行寡悔，禄在其中矣。

CHAP. XIX. The Duke Ai asked, saying, ‘What should be done in order to secure the submission of the people?’ Confucius replied, ‘Advance the upright and set aside the crooked, then the people will submit. Advance the crooked and set aside the upright, then the people will not submit.’
哀公问曰：“何为则民服？”孔子对曰：“举直错诸枉，则民服；举枉错诸直，则民不服。”

CHAP. XX. Chi K’ang asked how to cause the people to reverence their ruler, to be faithful to him, and to go on to nerve themselves to virtue. The Master said, ‘Let him preside over them with gravity;— then they will reverence him. Let him be filial and kind to all;— then they will be faithful to him. Let him advance the good and teach the incompetent;— then they will eagerly seek to be virtuous.’
季康子问：“使民敬忠以劝，如之何？”子曰：“临之以庄则敬，孝慈则忠，举善而教不能则劝。”

CHAP. XXI. 1. Some one addressed Confucius, saying, ‘Sir, why are you not engaged in the government?’ 2. The Master said, ‘What does the Shu-ching say of filial piety?— “You are filial, you discharge your brotherly duties. These qualities are displayed in government.” This then also constitutes the exercise of government. Why must there be THAT— making one be in the government?’
或谓孔子曰：“子奚不为政？”子曰：“书云：孝乎！惟孝友于兄弟，施于有政。是亦为政。奚其为为政！”

CHAP. XXII. The Master said, ‘I do not know how a man without truthfulness is to get on. How can a large carriage be made to go without the cross-bar for yoking the oxen to, or a small carriage without the arrangement for yoking the horses?’
子曰：人而无信，不知其可也。大车无倪，小车无杌，其何以行之哉！

CHAP. XXIII. 1. Tsze-chang asked whether the affairs of ten ages after could be known. 2. Confucius said, ‘The Yin dynasty followed the regulations of the Hsia: wherein it took from or added to them may be known. The Chau dynasty has followed the regulations of Yin: wherein it took from or added to them may be known. Some other may follow the Chau, but though it should be at the distance of a hundred ages, its affairs may be known.’
子张问：“十世可知也？”子曰：“殷因与夏礼，所损益，可知也。周因于殷礼，所损益，可知也。其或继周者，虽百世，可知也。”

CHAP. XXIV. 1. The Master said, ‘For a man to sacrifice to a spirit which does not belong to him is flattery. 2. ‘To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage.’
子曰：非其鬼而祭之，谄也。见义不为，无勇也。